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Prepare for your interview with our expertly curated list of Interview Preparation Topics. Explore critical areas like HSE plans, hydro-jetting, and confined space safety. Gain the knowledge and confidence you need to excel in your next career opportunity.

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HSE interview preparation topics including safety gear, fire safety, and hazard signs.
Key HSE Topics for Interview Success
Serial No.Topic
1Safety Categories
2Turn-Around
3Workshops
4HSE Plan
5Hydro-Jetting
6High Water Pressure
7Hydro-Jetting Pump
8Cold Cutting
9N2 Pressure Testing
10Hydro-Testing
11Purging
12Hot Bolting
13Spading – De-Spading
14Sand Grid Blasting
15Painting
16PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment)
17NDT (Non-Destructive Testing)
18Waste Management Disposal
19Behavioral Audit
20Hazard Identification
21Radiography
22Accident/Incident Investigation
23Near-Miss Reporting
24First-Aid Facility
25Mock Drill
26Welfare Facilities
27HSE Training
28Traffic Management System
29Checklist
30Defensive Driving Training
31Audit
32H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide)
33Types of Emergencies
34LEL-UEL-UFL
35Exposure Limit
36Flammability Zone
37Emergency Procedure
38Same Name of Assembly Point
39PTW (Permit to Work)
40PASS
41RACE
42FIRE Classes
43Fire Extinguisher Types
44Flare System
45HAZOP
46HAZID
47HAZCON
48HAZCOM
49Intrinsically Safe Electrical Equipment
50Pyrophoric Material
51TBT (Toolbox Talk)
52SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)
53Method Statement
54MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
55BM25
56Tag Line Communication
57Load Tag Line
58Safety Harness
59Fall Arrestor System
60Scaffolding Tag
61O2 Limit
62Excavation Convert in Confined Space
63Lighting Level in Confined Space
64LUX
65Wind Speed
66Noise
67Vibration
68GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)
69ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
70Scaffolding
71Work-At-Height
72Crane
73Confined Space
74Excavation

Safety Categories

  • Design Safety
  • Process Safety
  • Project Safety
  • General Safety

Level of Safety

  • Plant Safety
  • Worker Safety
  • Consumer Safety

Safety Work System

  • Documentation Work
  • Site Work

Turn Around (TRA)

  • A scheduled and periodic shutdown (total or partial) of a plant. They stop daily plant operations completely during the duration of turnaround maintenance work and instead the focus shifts to maintenance-related activities, cleaning, inspection, repair, and replace

Shutdown Names

  • Turn Around (TRA)
  • Annual Maintenance
  • General Maintenance
  • Shutdown

Shutdown Phase (Activities)

  • Pre-Shutdown
  • Shutdown
  • Post-Shutdown

HSE Plan

  • It is a plan document that a contractor prepares and gives to the client
  • A way to control and distribute up-to-date documents
  • Safety Inspection Checklist
  • Risk Assessments
  • Emergency Response Plan
  • Training Programme & Documentation System
  • Internal Audit Policy & Schedule
  • List of Laws & Health and Safety Regulations for Compliance
  • Measurable Performance Metrics
  • Regular Meetings & Communications Strategy
  • Regular Management Review

Hydro Jetting (High Water Pressure)

Hydro jetting is a widely-used method or process to remove corrosion, erosion, scaling, fouling, and sludge by high water pressure through a Hydro-Jetting Pump (also used for cold cutting material)

  • It is a Loss Prevention Technique
  • Pressure depends upon:
    • MOC (Material of Construction)
    • Thickness
    • Diameter
    • Length
    • Impurities
    • Hydro-jetting Technique also use for cutting Trees

Cold Cutting Material

  • Turtle Cover All (Waterproof): Used to protect equipment or personnel during cutting.
  • Hydro-jetting Gun (1200-1300 Bar): Operates at 20,000 PSI (equivalent to 1300 bar) for high-pressure cutting or cleaning.
  • Hydro-jetting Screen: Provides safety or containment during hydro-jetting.
  • Yard (Opposite Side): Positioned on the opposite side to prevent failure or damage during operations.

N2S Pressure Testing

  • Purpose: Applied when only part of a pipeline is affected by corrosion or erosion.
    • Example: For a 100-meter pipeline, if 40 meters are corroded/eroded and 60 meters are in good condition, only the 40-meter section is replaced, followed by N2S pressure testing.
  • ITP (Inspection, Temperature, Pressure): Ensures the integrity of the tested section.
  • ITP of New Equipment (Inspection Testing Plan): Validates new equipment before use.
  • N2 Pressure Guidelines:
    • Minimum: 1.5 times the operating pressure.
    • Maximum: 4 times the operating pressure.
    • Example: If operating pressure is 100 bar, N2 pressure ranges from 150 bar (min) to 400 bar (max), no higher.
  • Testing Factors:
    • MoC (Material of Construction)
    • Thickness
    • Length
    • Diameter
    • Stay Time (refer to chart)
  • Gas Testing: Use N2 gas (inert) or fresh air.
  • Liquid Testing: Use water (known as hydro-testing).

Hydro-Testing (Hydrostatic Testing)

  • Definition: A method to check the integrity of pressure vessels (e.g., natural gas pipelines, gas cylinders, boilers, storage tanks, fuel tanks).
  • Objectives:
    • Verify pressure tightness.
    • Test structural strength.
    • Detect leakages.
  • Procedure: Similar to N2S testing but uses water for liquid-based systems.

Purging

  • Definition: Process to remove gas from a system, typically before a shutdown.
  • Purpose: To gas-free a plant.
  • Key Details:
    • Kick Line: First inlet to the plant.
    • Process Time: 1 to 1.5 days.
    • Responsibility: Handled by the client.
    • Shutdown Duration: Approximately 35 days.

Hot Bolting

  • Definition: The practice of removing, replacing, or re-tightening bolts on live piping/equipment.
  • Timing: Pre-shutdown activity to ensure bolts can be easily opened during shutdown.
  • Procedure:
    • Open bolts in a diagonal, star, or hexa pattern.
    • Remove one bolt at a time.
    • Clean bolts with WD40 or Molicote.
    • Mark jammed/rounded bolts for cold cutting.
    • Use a pneumatic saw for cutting jammed bolts.
    • Ensure new bolts are available during the process.
  • Variants:
    • Hydro Hot Bolting: Specific to hydro systems.
    • Spanner & Hammering Hot Bolting: Manual method.
  • Restrictions:
    • Not allowed if there are 4 bolts or fewer.
  • Contamination Prevention:
    • Liquid Lines: Open bolts from the top side.
    • Gas Lines: Depends on gas density (heavier or lighter than air).

Spading / De-Spading

  • Definition: Mechanical isolation using a blind plate to block two pipeline flanges.
  • Procedure: After inserting the blind plate, apply LOTTO (Lock Out Tag Out) for safety and isolation.

Sand Grit Blasting

  • Definition: A process to remove rust, dust, dirt, scales, and old paint from surfaces using compressed air.
  • Purpose: Loss prevention technique.
  • Application: Used for external cleaning.
  • Materials:
    • Chemically treated sand is called “grit.”
  • Limitation: Only used for open vessels.

Painting

  • Definition: The process applied after sand blasting.
  • Purpose:
    • Loss prevention technique.
    • Enhances equipment quality.
  • Mechanism: Utilizes electrostatic adhesion for coating.

PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment)

  • Purpose: Enhances weld quality after weld testing.
  • Context: Typically follows Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) to improve material integrity.

NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) Techniques

  • Definition: Methods to test material integrity without causing damage.
  • Examples:
    • Di-Penetration Test: Qualitative test to detect surface defects.
    • Radiography: Quantitative test for internal structure analysis.
  • Scope: Utilizes 38 different techniques for material testing.

Fuel Bowser

  • Definition: A process or equipment deployed to distribute fresh water in emergencies.
  • Use Case: Applied when the normal piped water distribution system fails or is insufficient.

Types of Waste Management

  • Municipal/General Waste (Green):
    • Examples: Paper, Wood
  • Hazardous Waste (Yellow):
    • Examples: Chemical, Pyrophoric materials
  • Non-Hazardous Waste (Red):
    • Examples: Metal, Glass

Waste Management Methods

  • Reduce: Minimize waste generation.
  • Reuse: Repurpose materials for extended use.
  • Recycle: Process materials for new use.
  • Disposal: Safely discard waste that cannot be reduced, reused, or recycled.

Behavioral Audit

  • Definition: Walking around the workplace or facility to assess the working environment and safety practices.
  • Purpose: Provides a general appraisal of safety compliance and conditions.

Traffic Management System

  • Vehicle Rules:
    • Diesel vehicles: Allowed in the plant.
    • Petrol vehicles: Not allowed in the plant.

Defensive Driving Training

  • Speed Limits:
    • In plant area: 30 km/hour.
    • In office area: 20 km/hour.
  • Safe Distance Techniques:
    • 3-Word Gap Technique: Count “1001-1002-1003” to maintain distance from other vehicles.
    • Distance Rule: Safe distance always depends on speed.

World’s Dangerous Gases

  • CO (Carbon Monoxide): Misnoted as CO2 in your input; assuming CO based on context (colorless, odorless, toxic gas).
  • H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide): Highly toxic and flammable gas with a rotten egg smell.
  • NH3 (Ammonia): Corrosive and toxic gas with a pungent odor.

Detector Types

  • Heat Detector: Detects increases in temperature indicative of fire or overheating.
  • Smoke Detector: Identifies smoke as an indicator of fire.
  • Dust Detector: Monitors dust levels for safety or environmental control.
  • Infrared Detector: Uses infrared technology to detect heat, motion, or specific gases.

Types of Hazards

  • Mechanical Hazards: Related to machinery or moving parts.
  • Non-Mechanical Hazards: Non-machine-related risks (e.g., slips, trips).
  • Chemical Hazards: Exposure to harmful substances.
  • Physical Hazards: Environmental factors like noise, heat, or vibration.
  • Biological Hazards: Risks from living organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses).
  • Electrical Hazards: Dangers from electrical systems or equipment.
  • Ergonomic Hazards: Issues from poor posture or repetitive strain.
  • Radiation Hazards: Exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
  • Pollution Hazards: Risks from environmental contaminants.

Types of Incidents

  • Near-Miss: An event that could have caused harm but didn’t.
  • Incident: An unplanned event that may or may not result in injury or damage.
  • Accident: An incident resulting in injury, damage, or loss.

Accident

  • Causes of Accident:
    • Direct Cause:
      • Unsafe Act: Human actions that compromise safety.
      • Unsafe Condition: Hazardous physical environments or equipment.
    • Indirect Cause:
      • Lack of Knowledge/Skill: Insufficient training or expertise.
      • Improper Attitude: Negligence or disregard for safety protocols.
      • Physical or Mental Deficiency: Health-related limitations affecting performance.

Types of Injury

  • Lost Time Injury (LTI): Injury causing absence from work beyond the day of the incident.
  • Restricted Work Injury/Case (RWI/C): Injury limiting normal work duties without full absence.
  • Medical Treatment Injury/Case (MTI/C): Injury requiring medical attention beyond first aid.

Types of Safety Signs

  • Prohibition: Circle with a red color, indicating actions that are not allowed.
  • Warning: Triangle with a dark yellow background, alerting to potential hazards.
  • Mandatory: Blue background, specifying required actions or behaviors.
  • Safe Condition: Green background, indicating safe areas or conditions.
  • Fire-Fighting Equipment: Red background, marking locations of fire safety tools.

Forms of Safety Communication

  • Alarm: Audible or visual alert for immediate attention.
  • Barrier: Physical obstruction to restrict access or highlight hazards.
  • Color Coding: Use of colors to convey safety information.
  • Hand Signal: Gestures for non-verbal communication in noisy environments.
  • Memos: Written notes for internal safety updates.
  • Notice: Formal announcements or instructions.
  • Poster: Visual displays for safety awareness.
  • Permit to Work: Authorization for specific hazardous tasks.
  • Safety Sign: Standardized symbols for safety instructions.
  • Warning Lights: Illuminated signals to indicate danger or status.

Types of Radiation

  • Ionizing Radiation:
    • Characteristics: High-energy particles, more harmful to the environment.
    • Examples: Alpha, Gamma, Beta, X-Rays, Neutron.
  • Non-Ionizing Radiation:
    • Characteristics: Low-energy particles, less harmful to the environment.
    • Examples: Ultraviolet (UV), Infrared, Radio waves, Laser.

H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)

Two Types of Oil and Gas Industries

  • Explore: Activities related to discovering oil and gas reserves.
  • Refining: Processing crude oil and gas into usable products.

H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) Names

  • Flammable Gas: Capable of igniting under certain conditions.
  • Toxic Gas: Harmful to human health upon inhalation.
  • Killer Gas: Lethal at high concentrations.
  • Silent Killer: Odorless at dangerous levels, making it hard to detect.
  • Swab Gas: Associated with oil and gas extraction processes.

H2S Concentration Effects

  • 0.13 PPM: Smells like rotten eggs.
  • Around 100 PPM: Kills the sense of smell as concentration increases.
  • 100 PPM: Classified as IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health).
  • 500-700 PPM: Causes unconsciousness.
  • 1000 PPM: Results in death on the spot.

Properties of H2S

  • Kills Sense of Smell: Becomes undetectable by odor at high concentrations.
  • Heavier than Air: Tends to settle in low-lying areas.
  • Density:
    • H2S: 34 gm/mole.
    • Air: 29.32 gm/mole.
    • H2S is 19% heavier than air (Density = 1.18 gm/cm³).
  • Solubility: H2S + H2O → H2SO4 (forms sulfuric acid; avoid using water with H2S).
  • Flammability: Forms a flammable mixture with oxygen, producing sulfur dioxide (SO2).
  • Blue Flame: Indicates H2S combustion; an unsmooth system shows a blue flame from the chimney.

Areas Prone to H2S Accumulation

  • Low-lying areas such as basements, pits, shallows, culverts, confined spaces, vessels, pipelines, tunnels, and columns due to its heavier-than-air nature.

Flammability Limits of H2S

  • LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) / LFL (Lower Flammable Limit): 4.3 PPM (mixture too lean to burn below this).
  • UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) / UFL (Upper Flammable Limit): 44-46 PPM (mixture too enriched to burn above this).
  • Flammability Zone:
    • Zone 0: Continuously flammable.
    • Zone 1: May or may not be flammable.
    • Zone 2: Continuously safe.

Exposure Limits

  • Definition: Maximum concentration of an airborne substance an employee can be exposed to by inhalation over a period of time.
  • Types of Exposure Limit Names:
    • OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit.
    • WEL: Workplace Exposure Limit.
    • WEEL: Workplace Environment Exposure Limit.
    • REL: Recommended Exposure Limit.
    • TLV: Threshold Limit Value.
    • ILV: Indicative Limit Value.
    • LTEL: Long-Term Exposure Limit.
    • PEL: Permissible Exposure Limit.
    • STEL: Short-Term Exposure Limit.
  • STEL Details:
    • Ceiling limit for maintenance workers: 15 PPM for 15 minutes.
    • If exceeded, workers must leave the area.

Emergency Procedures for H2S Exposure

  • Rescue: Emergency rescue team or BA (Breathing Apparatus) personnel intervene.
  • Emergency Escape Hood:
    • Pressure: 315 bar (prevents toxic gas entry).
    • Duration: 15 minutes of breathable air (fiber gas).
  • Evacuation: Move perpendicular to wind direction toward the nearest assembly point.

H2S Detection Systems

  • 1. Plant Fixed Gas Monitor:
    • Features: Equipped with flashing lights and alarms.
    • Purpose: Continuous monitoring within the plant.
  • 2. Portable Gas Monitor:
    • Location: Placed at the center of the workplace.
    • Range: Detects H2S within a 15-meter radius.
  • 3. H2S Personal Toxic Clip:
    • Features: Beeps, flashes lights, and vibrates to alert the wearer.
    • Bump Test: Press the blue button for auto-calibration before use.
  • Certification: All detectors must be certified by a third party.

Types of Emergency

  • Plant Emergency: Affects the entire facility.
  • Personal Emergency: Affects an individual worker.

Emergency Procedure

  • Applies to Both Types of Emergency:
    • Stop the Work: Cease all activities immediately.
    • Manage Your Equipment: Secure tools and materials.
    • Check Wind Direction (Using Wind Sock):
      • Upwind: Direction from which the air is coming.
      • Downwind: Direction the air is moving toward.
    • Use Emergency Escape Hood:
      • Pressure: 315 bar (prevents toxic gas entry).
      • Duration: 15 minutes of breathable air (fiber gas).
    • Evacuate: Move perpendicular to the wind direction toward the nearest assembly point.

Assembly Point Names

  • Assembly Point: General gathering location.
  • Safe Point: Designated safe area.
  • Master Point: Central coordination point.
  • Marching Point: Staging area for further movement.
  • Head Count: Conducted to account for all personnel, followed by waiting for further instructions.

H2S Zone Classification

  • Green Zone: Less than 50 PPM (low risk).
  • Yellow Zone: Less than 100 PPM (moderate risk).
  • Amber Zone: Less than 1000 PPM (high risk; hood must always be carried).
  • Red Zone: 1000 PPM and above (extreme risk; hood must always be carried).
  • Zone Management:
    • Marking: Clearly indicates the zone.
    • Hard Barricade: Physical barriers to restrict access.
    • Attendant: Present to monitor and check every entrant in the zone.

Permit to Work (PTW)

Types of Work Permits

  • Cold Work Permit: No flame or heat involved.
  • Hot Work Permit: Involves temperature (e.g., welding).
  • Naked Flame Work Permit: Involves visible flames (detectable by the naked eye).
  • Note: Permit types vary by organization.

Time Duration of Permits

  • Standard Duration: Valid for one shift only.
  • Extension Rules:
    • Depends on the organization.
    • Cold Work Permit: Valid for 14-15 days; extend by attaching a new permit to the old one.
    • Hot Work Permit: Same extension process as Cold Work.
    • Naked Flame Permit: Valid for 7 days; requires a new permit on the 8th day.

Conditions for Permit Invalidation

  • Natural Disaster: E.g., earthquakes, floods.
  • Accident: Any incident compromising safety.
  • Mock-Drill: Practice emergency scenarios.
  • Inactivity: Permit becomes invalid after 2 consecutive days of no work.

Fire Triangle

  • Components:
    • Fuel: Combustible material.
    • Heat: Ignition source.
    • Oxygen: Supports combustion.
  • Note: All three must be present for a fire to occur.

Classification of Fire

  • Class A: Solid combustibles/non-metals (e.g., wood, paper, clothes, rubber).
  • Class B: Flammable liquids (e.g., oil, grease, paint, petroleum).
  • Class C: Flammable gases (e.g., acetylene, ethane, methane).
  • Class D: Combustible metals (e.g., sodium, magnesium, potassium).
  • Class K: Kitchen/vegetable fats.

Fire Extinguisher Types & Usage (Red Cylinder)

  • Water (Red): For Class A fires.
  • CO2 (Black): For Class A and B fires.
  • Foam (Yellow): For Class A and B fires.
  • DCP (Dry Chemical Powder, Blue): General-purpose, suitable for all fire classes.
  • Wet Chemicals (Light Pink): For Class F (kitchen fats) fires.
  • Important: Always use the correct extinguisher type for the specific fire class.

PASS Technique for Fire Extinguishing

  • P: Pull the pin to activate the extinguisher.
  • A: Aim at the base of the fire.
  • S: Squeeze the lever to release the extinguishing agent.
  • S: Sweep from right to left to cover the fire.
  • Preparation: Jerk the extinguisher upside down 3 times before use (except for DCP).

RACE: In Case of Fire

  • R: Rescue individuals in immediate danger.
  • A: Activate the alarm to alert others.
  • C: Confine the fire by closing doors and windows.
  • E: Extinguish the fire if safe to do so.
  • Fire Hydrant Details:
    • Hose length: 50 meters.
    • Water pressure: 8-30 bar.

Fire-Fighting Equipment

  • Fire Alarm: Alerts personnel to fire hazards.
  • Sprinkler System: Automatically disperses water to suppress fires.
  • Water/Fire Hydrant: Provides water supply for firefighting.
  • Emergency Light: Illuminates exits during power failure.
  • Hose Reels: Flexible hoses for manual firefighting.
  • Fire Extinguisher: Portable device for small fires.
  • Fire Truck: Vehicle equipped for large-scale firefighting.

Fire-Fighting Arrangement

  • Emergency/Exit Doors: Designated exits for evacuation.
  • Evacuation Plan: Predefined routes and procedures.
  • Fire Blanket: Used to smother small fires or wrap individuals.
  • Fire-Fighting Team: Trained personnel for response.
  • Fire Marshal: Oversees fire safety and evacuation.
  • Assembly Area: Safe gathering point post-evacuation.
  • Emergency Contact Numbers: Key contacts for emergencies.

Flare System (Towers)

  • Types:
    • Hydrocarbon Gas Flame: Burns hydrocarbon gases.
    • Sour Gas Flame: Contains sulfur content.
    • Sweet Gas Flame: Excludes sulfur gases.
    • H2S Flare: Specific to hydrogen sulfide.
    • Emergency Flare: Activated during accidents.
  • Code of Practice for Flare Height:
    • Standard height: 120 feet.
    • Maximum height: No more than 120 feet.
    • Purpose: Converts toxic gases into natural gas.

Flammable/Asphyxiation Gases

  • Asphyxiation Gases:
    • Carbon Dioxide: Displaces oxygen, causing suffocation.
    • Nitrogen: Inert, reduces oxygen availability.
    • Argon: Inert, poses suffocation risk.
    • Helium (Balloon Gas): Displaces oxygen.
  • Flammable/Extremely Hazardous Gases:
    • LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas): Highly flammable.
    • Acetylene: Flammable and reactive.
    • Hydrogen: Highly flammable.
  • Oxygen: Not flammable but accelerates fire by supporting combustion.

Color Coding for Pipelines (ANSI)

  • Water: Green.
  • Steam: Silver.
  • Fire-Fighting: Red.
  • Combustible Fuel: Brown.
  • Toxic/Corrosive Fuel: Orange.
  • Compressed Air/Other Gases: Blue.
  • Flammable/Other Oxidizing Fuel: Yellow.

Chemical Forms

  • Solid: Fixed shape and volume.
  • Liquid: Flows, takes container shape.
  • Gas: Expands to fill space.
  • Vapor: Gaseous state of a substance (e.g., evaporated liquid).
  • Mist: Fine liquid droplets in air.
  • Dust: Fine solid particles in air.
  • Fumes: Gaseous emissions from heated solids.

Forms of Biological Agents

  • Fungi: Molds, yeasts causing infections or allergies.
  • Bacteria: Single-celled organisms, some pathogenic.
  • Virus: Infectious agents requiring a host.

Routes of Entry

  • Inhalation: Through the nose (e.g., breathing gases).
  • Ingestion: Through the mouth (e.g., swallowing contaminants).
  • Absorption:
    • Through skin (e.g., chemical contact).
    • Injection through skin (e.g., punctures or cuts).

HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study)

  • Purpose: Identifies potential hazards and operability issues.
  • Used In:
    • Process Safety
    • Design Safety
    • Project Safety
    • General Safety

PHA (Process Hazard Analysis)

  • Definition: A systematic assessment of potential hazards in a process.

HAZIP (Hazard Identification)

  • Purpose: Identifies hazards in specific contexts.
  • Used In:
    • Project Safety
    • General Safety
  • Techniques:

HAZCON (Hazard of Construction Industry)

  • Definition: Focuses on identifying construction-specific hazards.

HAZCOM (Hazard Communication)

  • Purpose: Ensures hazard information is effectively communicated.
  • Methods:
    • Training
    • Tool Box Talk (TBT)
    • Safety Signs
    • Communication Methods
    • Consultation
    • Safety Campaigns

Intrinsically Safe Electrical Equipment

  • Definition: Electrical equipment incapable of producing sparks.
  • Examples:
    • Flame-Proof (24 Volt): Designed to contain explosions.
    • Local Light: Normal lighting for safe areas.
    • Spot Light: Focused lighting for specific tasks.

Pyrophoric Material

  • Definition: Self-igniting material (auto-ignition).
  • Characteristics:
    • Catches fire spontaneously.
    • Example: H2S reacts with iron to form FeS (iron sulfide), which is pyrophoric.
  • Storage:
    • In pits.
    • In wet conditions (to reduce ignition risk).

TBT (Tool Box Talk)

  • Definition: A safety talk conducted just before starting work.
  • Types:
    • Local TBT: Specific to the activity being performed.
    • Mass TBT: Addresses a gathered group about announced issues.
  • Documentation: TBT form provided to check competence.
  • Key Points:
    • Equipment
    • Work Tools
    • Job Site Safety
    • Personnel

SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)

  • Definition: A step-by-step guide for performing activities safely.
  • Details:
    • Sequence-wise instructions.
    • Includes information about SWL (Safe Working Load).

Method Statement

  • Definition: An agreed-upon plan between client and contractor for executing work safely.

Lifeline

  • Purpose: Used in confined spaces with poor communication (e.g., where walkie-talkies fail).
  • Function: Serves as a communication method.
  • Signals:
    • 1 Pull: OK.
    • 2 Pulls: Come out.
    • 3 Pulls: Emergency / Something wrong.

Here’s your information organized under clear headings for a structured and readable format, consistent with your previous requests:

Tag-Line

  • Purpose: Used during crane lifting to control and balance the suspended load, preventing swinging.

BM25

  • Definition: A top-tier multi-gas detector.
  • Capability: Detects up to 5 gases simultaneously.

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

  • Definition: A document detailing safety information about a chemical.
  • 16 Sections:
    • Chemical Product and Company Identification
    • Composition/Information on Ingredients
    • Hazards Identification
    • First Aid Measures
    • Fire Fighting Measures
    • Accidental Release Measures
    • Handling and Storage
    • Exposure Control / Personal Protection
    • Physical and Chemical Properties
    • Stability and Reactivity
    • Toxicological Information
    • Ecological Information
    • Disposal Considerations
    • Transport Information
    • Regulatory Information
    • Other Information

Safety Harness

  • Purpose: A belt system to prevent falls from height.
  • Types (Based on Lanyard):
    • Single Lanyard Harness: One attachment line.
    • Double Lanyard Harness: Two attachment lines for continuous connection.
  • Components Required:
    • Body Harness
    • Lanyard (with shock absorber)
    • Anchoring Point for Hook
  • Fall Arrest System: Safety Harness + Lifeline.
  • 100% Fall Protection Requirements:
    • Double Lanyard Safety Harness
    • Proper Guard-Rail
    • Safety Net & Air Bag

LUX (Luminous per Unit Area)

  • Measurement: Measured by a Luxometer.
  • Typical Levels:
    • Room: 500 LUX
    • Open Workplace: 150 LUX
    • Workshop: 300 LUX
    • Watchmaker: 2000 LUX

Noise

  • Measurement: Measured by an Audiometer.
  • Unit: dB (Decibel).
  • Limits:
    • Lower Limit: 75 dB (use earplugs).
    • Upper Limit: 85 dB (use earmuffs).

Wind Speed

  • Measurement: Measured by an Anemometer.
  • Unit: Knots.
  • Safety Rule: Work at height not allowed if wind speed is 20 knots or higher.

Atmospheric Pressure

  • Measurement: Measured by a Barometer.
  • Units: m/sec, km/hr, miles/hr.

Devices in Industry

  • GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter): Protects against electrical faults.
  • ELCB (Earth-Leak Circuit Breaker): Detects earth leakage currents.
  • MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): Automatically cuts power during overloads.

Vibration Types

  • Hand-Arm Vibration: Affects hands and arms (e.g., from tools).
  • Whole-Body Vibration: Affects the entire body (e.g., from machinery).
  • Threshold: 6 mm/sec (indicative limit for monitoring).

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